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Mandinkalar veya Malinkeler, esas olarak Güney Mali, Gambiya, Güney Senegal ve Doğu Gine'de yaşayan bir Batı Afrika etnik grubudur. Yaklaşık 11 milyonluk nüfusuylaMandé halklarının en büyük alt grubu ve Afrika'daki en büyük etnolinguistik gruplardan biridir. Batı Afrika'nın büyük bir bölümünde ortak dil olan Mande dil ailesindeki Manding dillerini konuşurlar. Çoğunlukla geçimlik çiftçilerdir ve kırsal köylerde yaşarlar. En büyük kentsel merkezleri Mali'nin başkenti Bamako'dur.
Notlar
- ^ Alternatif yazım biçimleri arasında Maninka, Manding, Mandinga, Mandingo ve Mandinko bulunur. g harfiyle başlayan biçimler genellikle arkaik kabul edilir ve çoğunlukla 19. yüzyıl ve 20. yüzyıl başı edebiyatında bulunur. Bazen yanlışlıkla Dioula veya Bambara olarak anılırlar ki bunlar da yakından ilişkili Mandé halklarıdır.
Kaynakça
- ^ "Mansa Musa Makes His Hajj, Displaying Mali's Wealth in Gold and Becoming the First Sub-Saharan African Widely Known among Europeans | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
- ^ Richard Brent Turner (2003). Islam in the African-American Experience
. Indiana University Press. ss. 18–19. ISBN .
- ^ (2005). Slavery and African ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the links. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ss. 38–51. ISBN .
- ^ Nugent, Paul (October 2008). "Putting the History Back into Ethnicity: Enslavement, Religion, and Cultural Brokerage in the Construction of Mandinka/Jola and Ewe/Agotime Identities in West Africa, c. 1650–1930"
. Comparative Studies in Society and History (İngilizce). 50 (4): 920–948. doi:10.1017/S001041750800039X. hdl:20.500.11820/d25ddd7d-d41a-4994-bc6d-855e39f12342 $2. ISSN 1475-299923 April 2021.
- ^ Eberhard, David M; Simons, Gary F; Fennig, Charles D, (Ed.) (2021). "Mandinka". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (Online version) (24th bas.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Erişim tarihi: 23 April 2021.
- ^ Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2010). The Gambia and its people: Ethnic identities and cultural integration in Africa (1st bas.). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. ss. 43–44. ISBN . Erişim tarihi: 23 April 2021.
- ^ Schaffer, Matt (2005). "Bound to Africa: The Mandinka Legacy in the New World"
. History in Africa. 32: 321–369. doi:10.1353/hia.2005.0021. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 20065748.
- ^ "Malinke | people". Encyclopedia Britannica (İngilizce). Erişim tarihi: 2021-04-22.
- ^ Olson, James Stuart; Meur, Charles (1996). The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary (İngilizce). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN .
- ^ Nicholls, Robert Wyndham (2012-09-14). The Jumbies' Playing Ground: Old World Influences on Afro-Creole Masquerades in the Eastern Caribbean (İngilizce). Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN .
- ^ Mendy, Peter Michael Karibe; Richard A. Lobban Jr (2013). Historical dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. Fourth. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN . OCLC 861559444.
- ^ James Stuart Olson (1996). The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Greenwood. ss. 366–367. ISBN .
İleri okumalar
- Charry, Eric S. (2000). Mande Music: Traditional and Modern Music of the Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN .
- Lucie Gallistel Colvin. Historical Dictionary of Senegal. Scarecrow Press/ Metuchen. NJ - Kondon (1981), pp. 216–217
- Pascal James Imperato. Historical Dictionary of Mali. Scarecrow Press/ Metuchen. NJ - Kondon (1986), pp. 190–191
- Robert J. Mundt. Historical Dictionary of the Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire). Scarecrow Press/ Metuchen. NJ – Kondon (1987), pp. 98–99
- Robert W. Nicholls. "The Mocko Jumbie of the U.S. Virgin Islands; History and Antecedents". African Arts, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Autumn 1999), pp. 48–61, 94–96
- Matt Schaffer (editor). "Djinns, Stars and Warriors: Mandinka Legends from Pakao, Senegal" (African Sources for African History, 5), Brill Academic Publishers (2003). ISBN
- Schaffer Matt (2005). "Bound to Africa: The Mandinka Legacy in The New World". History in Africa. 32: 321–369. doi:10.1353/hia.2005.0021.
- Ethnologue Languages of the World – Thirteenth Edition (1996).
- Pauls, Elizabeth Prine (February 2007). "Malinke people". In: Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, (online) Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- Sékéné Mody Cissoko; Kaoussou Sambou (1974). Recueil des traditions orales des Mandingue de Gambie et de Casamance. Niamey: Centre régional de documentation pour la tradition orale.
Dış bağlantılar
- Mandinka
- Malinke
- Malinke djembe ritimlerini çalmaya adanmış İngiltere merkezli bir web sitesi
- Bu halk grubuna ait Ethnologue sayfası
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Mandinkalar veya Malinkeler esas olarak Guney Mali Gambiya Guney Senegal ve Dogu Gine de yasayan bir Bati Afrika etnik grubudur Yaklasik 11 milyonluk nufusuylaMande halklarinin en buyuk alt grubu ve Afrika daki en buyuk etnolinguistik gruplardan biridir Bati Afrika nin buyuk bir bolumunde ortak dil olan Mande dil ailesindeki Manding dillerini konusurlar Cogunlukla gecimlik ciftcilerdir ve kirsal koylerde yasarlar En buyuk kentsel merkezleri Mali nin baskenti Bamako dur Katalan Atlasi ndan 1375 Mali Imparatorlugu nun unlu Mandinka hukumdari Mansa Musa nin 14 yuzyildan kalma bir Avrupa tasviri Bu resim Orta Cag Avrupasi nin sanatsal tarzini ve bakis acisini yansitmaktadir Notlar Alternatif yazim bicimleri arasinda Maninka Manding Mandinga Mandingo ve Mandinko bulunur g harfiyle baslayan bicimler genellikle arkaik kabul edilir ve cogunlukla 19 yuzyil ve 20 yuzyil basi edebiyatinda bulunur Bazen yanlislikla Dioula veya Bambara olarak anilirlar ki bunlar da yakindan iliskili Mande halklaridir Kaynakca Mansa Musa Makes His Hajj Displaying Mali s Wealth in Gold and Becoming the First Sub Saharan African Widely Known among Europeans Encyclopedia com www encyclopedia com Arsivlenmesi gereken baglantiya sahip kaynak sablonu iceren maddeler link Richard Brent Turner 2003 Islam in the African American Experience Indiana University Press ss 18 19 ISBN 0 253 21630 3 2005 Slavery and African ethnicities in the Americas Restoring the links Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press ss 38 51 ISBN 978 0 8078 2973 8 Nugent Paul October 2008 Putting the History Back into Ethnicity Enslavement Religion and Cultural Brokerage in the Construction of Mandinka Jola and Ewe Agotime Identities in West Africa c 1650 1930 Comparative Studies in Society and History Ingilizce 50 4 920 948 doi 10 1017 S001041750800039X hdl 20 500 11820 d25ddd7d d41a 4994 bc6d 855e39f12342 2 ISSN 1475 299923 April 2021 Eberhard David M Simons Gary F Fennig Charles D Ed 2021 Mandinka Ethnologue Languages of the World Online version 24th bas Dallas Texas SIL International Erisim tarihi 23 April 2021 Mwakikagile Godfrey 2010 The Gambia and its people Ethnic identities and cultural integration in Africa 1st bas Dar es Salaam Tanzania New Africa Press ss 43 44 ISBN 978 9987 16 023 5 Erisim tarihi 23 April 2021 Schaffer Matt 2005 Bound to Africa The Mandinka Legacy in the New World History in Africa 32 321 369 doi 10 1353 hia 2005 0021 ISSN 0361 5413 JSTOR 20065748 Malinke people Encyclopedia Britannica Ingilizce Erisim tarihi 2021 04 22 Arsivlenmesi gereken baglantiya sahip kaynak sablonu iceren maddeler link Olson James Stuart Meur Charles 1996 The Peoples of Africa An Ethnohistorical Dictionary Ingilizce Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 313 27918 8 Nicholls Robert Wyndham 2012 09 14 The Jumbies Playing Ground Old World Influences on Afro Creole Masquerades in the Eastern Caribbean Ingilizce Univ Press of Mississippi ISBN 978 1 4968 0118 0 Mendy Peter Michael Karibe Richard A Lobban Jr 2013 Historical dictionary of the Republic of Guinea Bissau Fourth Lanham Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 0 8108 8027 6 OCLC 861559444 James Stuart Olson 1996 The Peoples of Africa An Ethnohistorical Dictionary Greenwood ss 366 367 ISBN 978 0 313 27918 8 Ileri okumalarCharry Eric S 2000 Mande Music Traditional and Modern Music of the Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 10161 4 Lucie Gallistel Colvin Historical Dictionary of Senegal Scarecrow Press Metuchen NJ Kondon 1981 pp 216 217 Pascal James Imperato Historical Dictionary of Mali Scarecrow Press Metuchen NJ Kondon 1986 pp 190 191 Robert J Mundt Historical Dictionary of the Ivory Coast Cote d Ivoire Scarecrow Press Metuchen NJ Kondon 1987 pp 98 99 Robert W Nicholls The Mocko Jumbie of the U S Virgin Islands History and Antecedents African Arts Vol 32 No 3 Autumn 1999 pp 48 61 94 96 Matt Schaffer editor Djinns Stars and Warriors Mandinka Legends from Pakao Senegal African Sources for African History 5 Brill Academic Publishers 2003 978 90 04 13124 8ISBN 978 90 04 13124 8 Schaffer Matt 2005 Bound to Africa The Mandinka Legacy in The New World History in Africa 32 321 369 doi 10 1353 hia 2005 0021 Ethnologue Languages of the World Thirteenth Edition 1996 Pauls Elizabeth Prine February 2007 Malinke people In Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica online Encyclopaedia Britannica Sekene Mody Cissoko Kaoussou Sambou 1974 Recueil des traditions orales des Mandingue de Gambie et de Casamance Niamey Centre regional de documentation pour la tradition orale Dis baglantilarMandinka Malinke Malinke djembe ritimlerini calmaya adanmis Ingiltere merkezli bir web sitesi Bu halk grubuna ait Ethnologue sayfasi