Koordinatlar 41 31 32 K 5 23 28 B 41 52556 K 5 39111 B 41 52556 5 39111 Vikipedi özgür ansiklopedi Toro MuharebesiTarih1

Koordinatlar 41 31 32 K 5 23 28 B 41 52556 K 5 39111 B 41 52556 5 39111 Vikipedi ozgur ansiklopedi Toro MuharebesiTarih1 Mart 1476BolgePeleagonzalo yakinlari KastilyaSonucBelirsizTaraflarPortekiz Kralligi Kastilyali Juana taraftarlariKastilyali Isabel taraftarlari Aragon TaciKomutanlar ve liderlerV Afonso Portekiz krali Joao Portekiz prensi Evora Piskoposu Toledo BaspiskoposuII Fernando Aragon krali Kardinal Mendoza Alba Duku Alvaro de Mendoza Alba de Aliste Kontu esir GuclerYaklasik 8 500 asker 5 000 piyade 3 500 suvariYaklasik 8 000 asker 5 000 piyade 2 500 veya 3 000 suvariKayiplarYaklasik 1 000 oldu esir alindi ve boguldu Yuzlerce oldu ve esir alindi Toro Muharebesi 1 Mart 1476 da Toro kenti yakinlarinda Katolik Hukumdarlarin Kastilya Aragon birlikleri ile V Afonso ve Portekiz Prensi Joao nun Portekiz Kastilya birlikleri arasinda gerceklesen Kastilya Veraset Savasi nin bir parcasidir Muharebe askeri acidan kesin bir sonuca varamadi her iki taraf da zafer iddia etti Kastilya sag kanadi savas alanina sahip olan Prens Joao komutasindaki kuvvetler tarafindan yenildi ancak V Afonso nun birlikleri Alba Duku ve Kardinal Mendoza liderligindeki Kastilya sol merkezi tarafindan maglup edildi Ancak Juana de Trastamara ya sadik soylularin kalintilari I Isabel ya bagli kalmasi ile I Isabel Kastilya tahtini guvence altina aldi bu Katolik Hukumdarlar icin buyuk bir siyasi zaferdi Buyuk bir siyasi vizyona sahip olan Isabel bu firsati degerlendirdi ve Madrigal Segovia da Cortes i topladi Nisan Ekim 1476 Kizi orada Kastilya tahtinin varisi ilan edildi bu da onun kendi tahtini mesrulastirmasi anlamina geliyordu Ispanyol akademisyen Antonio Serrano nun belirttigi gibi Butun bunlardan muharebenin Toro kesin sonucsuz oldugu ancak Isabella ve Fernando nun zafer kanatlariyla onu ucurdugu sonucu cikarilabilir Aslinda bu savas zafere donustugunden 1 Mart 1476 dan itibaren Isabel ve Ferdinand Ispanyol tahtini yonetmeye basladi Savasin kesin sonucsuz kanatlari San Juan kartalinin Toro savasinin anma tapinagi guvenli ve guclu kanatlari haline geldi Veraset savasi Alcacovas Antlasmasi na 1479 kadar devam etmis ve resmi propaganda Toro Muharebesi ni Aljubarrota nin intikamini alan bir zafere donusturmustur Kaynakca span a b c d Bernaldez chapter XXIII a b Zurita volume VIII book XIX chapter XLIV According to Valera chapters XX and XXI the Luso Castilians had 800 dead while to Bernaldez chapter XXIII p 61 they suffered 1 200 dead These figures are possibly inflated since Mariana wrote that the Portuguese losses both dead and prisoners were low The killing was small and also the number of prisoners was not large Book XXIV chapter X p 300 Zurita can only list 3 names of Portuguese noblemen killed in the battle Volume VIII book XIX chapter XLIV and the partial casualties reported in the courts of 1476 by the procurators of Evora point to very low numbers Pereira pp 9 10 The casualties were similarly high in both armies as stated by Pulgar in chapter XLV p 88 and by chronicler Chaves However the Isabelistas losses were probably lower than the Juanistas losses due to the Portuguese drowned in the Duero River This last number was close to the number of Portuguese killed in combat Pulgar chapter XLV p 88 Even the Cardinal Mendoza was wounded by a spear and several members from the Castilian royal council who met 10 days after the battle of Toro lost relatives there Pulgar chapter XLVII p 91 Chronicler wrote that when Afonso V returned to in the days immediately after the battle there were 500 Castilian prisoners inside the city adding that this King had wasted an opportunity of stabbing or drowning in the river 500 enemies both infantry and chivalry certainly as a revenge on men who had contributed for his defeat in Toro See Palencia Decada III book XXV chapter IX Desormeaux p 25 The result of the battle was very uncertain Ferdinand defeated the enemy s right wing led by Alfonso but the Prince had the same advantage over the Castilians Marles the infant Prince John and the duke of Alba the main Castilian commander remained masters each on his side of the battlefield The latter withdrew during the night p 190 Schaeffer pp 554 555 The two Kings had left the battlefield before the action was decided In the end the prince stood alone on the field as a winner after the defeat of the main Portuguese body Until that defeat Prince John chased the six divisions beaten by him McMurdo p 515 the battle of Toro in which both adversaries proclaimed themselves conquerors it was no more than a success of war sufficiently doubtful for either party were it not that the cause of D Alfonso V was already virtually lost by the successive defection of his partisans Damas p 35 But Alfonso failed to defeat the supporters of Isabella and Ferdinand and the battle of Toro 1476 resulted indecisive Bury p 523 5 Mayis 2023 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi After nine months occupied with frontier raids and fruitless negotiations the Castilian and Portuguese armies met at Toro and fought an indecisive battle for while Afonso was beaten and fled his son john destroyed the forces opposed to him Dumont p 49 In the centre leading the popular milicia Ferdinand achieves victory taking the standards of the King of Portugal and causing his troops to flee In the Portuguese right wing the forces of Cardinal Mendoza and Duke of Alba and the nobles do the same But in the Portuguese left Wing in front of the Asturians and Galician the reinforcement army of the Prince heir of Portugal well provided with artillery could leave the battlefield with its head high The battle resulted this way inconclusive But its global result stays after that decided by the withdrawal of the Portugal s King not as its direct consequence since this only happened three months and a half later on 13 June 1476 after several military operations the surrender of the Zamora s fortress on Mars 19 and the multiple adhesions of the nobles to the young princes Rubio p 34 4 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi The solution of this conflict is also similar to the previous one The indecisive battle of Toro which was certainly not in its results and consequences puts an end to the indubitable Portuguese danger to Castile Castell p 132 The King of Portugal simply remained on the defensive the first March 1476 he was attacked by Ferdinand of Aragon in front of the town of Toro The battle was indecisive but with the supporters of the Catholic Monarchs asserting their superiority the Portuguese King withdrew Lunenfeld p 27 In 1476 immediately after the indecisive battle of Peleagonzalo Ferdinand and Isabella hailed the result as a great victory and called the Cortes at Madrigal The newly created prestige was used to gain municipal support from their allies See also p 29 17 Haziran 2024 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi Serrano pp 55 70 Torres p 303 later were those attempts of Alfonso V to the Castilian crown that also finished by tiredness and not by the indecisive battle of Toro which was transformed by the Spanish in another Aljubarrota Lozoya p 85 This famous Franciscan convent San Juan de los Reyes intended to be a replica of the the Portuguese monastery built after Aljubarrota and was built to commemorate the indecisive battle of Toro Spanish historian Beretta p 56 His moment is the inconclusive Battle of Toro both sides attributed themselves the victory The letters written by the King Ferdinand to the main cities are a model of skill what a powerful description of the battle The nebulous transforms into light the doubtful acquires the profile of a certain triumph The politic Ferdinand achieved the fruits of a discussed victory Palenzuela That is the battle of Toro The Portuguese army had not been exactly defeated however the sensation was that D Juana s cause had completely sunk It made sense that for the Castilians Toro was considered as the divine retribution the compensation desired by God to compensate the terrible disaster of Aljubarrota still alive in the Castilian memory Electronic version 5 Agustos 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi Dis baglantilar span The battle of Toro 1 march Best History Encyclopedia A Batalha de Toro Portekizce Familia Rodriguez Monge 1476 Batalla de Toro Ispanyolca Historia del nuevo mundo La guerra de sucesion castellana 1475 1480 Ispanyolca Isabelle la Catholique dame de fer Fransizca La batalla de Toro 1476 Datos y documentos para su monografia historica Ispanyolca La guerra civil castellana y el enfrentamiento con Portugal 1475 1479 Ispanyolca San Juan de los reyes y la batalla de Toro 29 Ocak 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi Ispanyolca D Afonso V e a batalha de Toro Jornal do Exercito p 73 84 Portekizce A Batalha de Toro e as relacoes entre Portugal e Castela Portekizce Kategoriler Portekiz in muharebeleriKastilya muharebeleri1470 lerde catismalarGizli kategori Webarsiv sablonu wayback baglantilari